--- title: A good experiment is a fair test that changes only one thing at a ti… — How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, th… · tree and pragmatics description: A good experiment is a fair test that changes only one thing at a time, and good scientists repeat it, try to prove their own ideas wrong, and are not ashamed to say «I was wrong». Who acts: good experiment, fair test, good scientists. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists find out: naturalists,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/) / 3 # How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 3 A good experiment is a fair test that changes only one thing at a time, and good scientists repeat it, try to prove their own ideas wrong, and are not ashamed to say «I was wrong». **Who acts:** good experiment, fair test, good scientists · **What happens:** be, change, repeat, try, prove, not be · **To what, where:** fair test, one thing, experiment, own ideas · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good experiment, fair test, good scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:3 # text = A good experiment is a fair test that changes only one thing at a time, and good scientists repeat it, try to prove their own ideas wrong, and are not ashamed to say «I was wrong». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 experiment experiment NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 only only ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 at at ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 repeat repeat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 try try VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 xcomp _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 27 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 29 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 ashamed ashamed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 conj _ _ 35 to to PART TO _ 36 mark _ _ 36 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 xcomp _ _ 37 « « PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 38 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 40 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 ccomp _ _ 41 » » PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=36:punct 42 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a good experiment | a fair test | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | present | a fair test | one thing | | | time | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient | | 3 | **repeat** | present | good scientists | experiment | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality | | 4 | **try** | present | good scientists *not said here* | | | | | | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **prove** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | good scientists *not said here* | scientists's own ideas | | | | wrong *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme | | 6 | **not** **is** | present | good scientists *not said here* | | | | | ashamed *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | good scientists *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** *in a quote* | past | good scientists *= scientist* | | | | | wrong *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/2/) - next →: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/)