--- title: Darwin's finches have beaks suited to seeds, insects or cactus; over… — How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, th… · tree and pragmatics description: Darwin's finches have beaks suited to seeds, insects or cactus; over many generations birds whose beaks fitted the food survived better, so beaks changed. Who acts: finches, beaks, birds. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How scientists find out: naturalists,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/) / 8 # How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 8 Darwin's finches have beaks suited to seeds, insects or cactus; over many generations birds whose beaks fitted the food survived better, so beaks changed. **Who acts:** finches, beaks, birds · **What happens:** have, suit, fit, survive, change · **To what, where:** beaks, food, many generations This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (finches, beaks, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:8 # text = Darwin's finches have beaks suited to seeds, insects or cactus; over many generations birds whose beaks fitted the food survived better, so beaks changed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 finches finch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 suited suit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 acl _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 over over ADP IN _ 16 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 15 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 17 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 18 whose whose PRON WP$ Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 fitted fit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 survived survive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 24 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 23 advmod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 27 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 changed change VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Darwin's finches | beaks | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient | | 2 | **suit** | participle | | beaks *not said here* | | | | to seeds and insects or cactus | tree rules | | 3 | **fit** | past | beaks | the food | | | | | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | | 4 | **survive** | past | birds | | | | over many generations | well *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location | | 5 | **change** | past | beaks | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/7/) - next →: [How scientists find out: naturalists,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming/)