---
title: In the 1970s Peter and Rosemary Grant measured finch beaks changing… — How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, th… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the 1970s Peter and Rosemary Grant measured finch beaks changing in just a few years after a drought. Who acts: Peter, Grant finch beaks. A sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school wit
---

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# How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming, sentence 9

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In the 1970s Peter and Rosemary Grant measured finch beaks changing in just a few years after a drought.

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**Who acts:** Peter, Grant finch beaks · **What happens:** measure, change · **To what, where:** Grant finch beaks, 1970s

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This is a sentence of the lesson «How scientists find out: naturalists, Darwin, the microscope and wildlife filming» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Peter, Grant finch beaks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:9
# text = In the 1970s Peter and Rosemary Grant measured finch beaks changing in just a few years after a drought.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	1970s	1970s	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	_
4	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Rosemary	Rosemary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	Grant	grant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
8	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	finch	finch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	beaks	beak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
17	after	after	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | Peter and Rosemary | Grant finch beaks |  | the 1970s |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme beak=Value |
| 2 | **change** | gerund | Grant finch beaks *not said here* |  |  |  | year |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:264-how-scientists-find-out-naturalists-darwin-the-microscope-and-wildlife-filming.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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