--- title: Nobody knows what T. rex sounded like, because sounds do not fossili… — Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from tee… · tree and pragmatics description: Nobody knows what T. rex sounded like, because sounds do not fossilise; its relatives, birds and crocodiles, boom and rumble with closed mouths, so it may have rumbled rather than roared. Who acts: Nobody, T. rex, sounds, weight. A sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/) / 12 # Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 12 Nobody knows what T. rex sounded like, because sounds do not fossilise; its relatives, birds and crocodiles, boom and rumble with closed mouths, so it may have rumbled rather than roared. **Who acts:** Nobody, T. rex, sounds, weight · **What happens:** know, sound, not fossilise, rumble, close, roar · **To what, where:** relatives · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nobody, T. rex, sounds, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:12 # text = Nobody knows what T. rex sounded like, because sounds do not fossilise; its relatives, birds and crocodiles, boom and rumble with closed mouths, so it may have rumbled rather than roared. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 2 nsubj _ _ 2 knows know VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 6 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:obj 4 T. t. PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 rex rex PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 sounded sound VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 7 like like ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 because because SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 10 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 11 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 12 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 13 advmod _ _ 13 fossilise fossilise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 boom boom NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 rumble rumble VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 closed close VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 mouths mouth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 29 so so ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 31 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 have have AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux _ _ 33 rumbled rumble VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ _ 34 rather rather ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 36 cc _ _ 35 than than ADP IN _ 34 fixed _ _ 36 roared roar VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - hedged: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | present | Nobody | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **sound** | past | T. rex | | | | | like *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **not** **fossilise** | present · do-support | sounds | weight's relatives and birds and crocodiles and boom | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **rumble** | present | sounds *not said here* | | | | | with closed mouths | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with mouth=Theme | | 5 | **close** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **rumble** | may · perfect | weight | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **roar** | participle | weight *not said here* | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/10/) - next →: [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/)