--- title: Bones even have growth lines like the rings in a tree, and they tell… — Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from tee… · tree and pragmatics description: Bones even have growth lines like the rings in a tree, and they tell us a T. rex grew up fast as a teenager and lived to about 28 to 30 years. Who acts: Bones, T. rex. A sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/) / 4 # Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms, sentence 4 Bones even have growth lines like the rings in a tree, and they tell us a T. rex grew up fast as a teenager and lived to about 28 to 30 years. **Who acts:** Bones, T. rex · **What happens:** have, tell, grow up, live · **To what, where:** growth lines, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know, from teeth and dung to tiny arms» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bones, T. rex), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:4 # text = Bones even have growth lines like the rings in a tree, and they tell us a T. rex grew up fast as a teenager and lived to about 28 to 30 years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 even even ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 growth growth NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 lines line NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 tell tell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 iobj _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 T. t. NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 rex rex NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 ccomp _ _ 21 up up ADP RP _ 20 compound:prt _ _ 22 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 20 advmod _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 teenager teenager NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 27 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 29 about about ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 28 28 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 33 nummod _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 nmod _ _ 33 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Bones | growth lines | | | | like the rings in a tree | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient | | 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | bones *= bone* | | us | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **grow up** | past | a T. rex | | | | | as a teenager; fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **live** | past | a T. rex *not said here* | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/3/) - next →: [Tyrannosaurus rex: what we really know…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/265-tyrannosaurus-rex-teeth-dung-and-tiny-arms/)