--- title: Pachycephalosaurus had a bony dome up to 25 centimetres thick; scien… — Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, St… · tree and pragmatics description: Pachycephalosaurus had a bony dome up to 25 centimetres thick; scientists argue whether it head-butted like goats, and some domes have healed injuries, which supports the head-butting idea. Who acts: Pachycephalosaurus, scientists, dome, domes. A sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Trice…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/) / 15 # Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 15 Pachycephalosaurus had a bony dome up to 25 centimetres thick; scientists argue whether it head-butted like goats, and some domes have healed injuries, which supports the head-butting idea. **Who acts:** Pachycephalosaurus, scientists, dome, domes, injuries · **What happens:** have, argue, butt, heal, support · **To what, where:** bony dome, injuries, butting idea · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Pachycephalosaurus, scientists, dome, domes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:15 # text = Pachycephalosaurus had a bony dome up to 25 centimetres thick; scientists argue whether it head-butted like goats, and some domes have healed injuries, which supports the head-butting idea. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Pachycephalosaurus Pachycephalosaurus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 bony bony ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 dome dome NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 6 up up ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 25 25 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 10 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 acl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 argue argue VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 14 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 16 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 18 butted butt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 like like ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 goats goat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 24 det _ _ 24 domes dome NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 healed heal VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 conj _ _ 27 injuries injury NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 nsubj _ _ 30 supports support VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 acl:relcl _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 32 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 34 punct _ _ 34 butting butt VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 35 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:amod 35 idea idea NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Pachycephalosaurus | a bony dome | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dome=Patient | | 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists | | | | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **butt** | participle | dome | | | | | like goats | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **heal** | present · perfect | some domes | injuries | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent injury=Patient | | 5 | **support** | present | injuries | the butting idea | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer idea=Stimulus | | 6 | **butt** | gerund | | | | | | | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Trice…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/14/) - next →: [Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs/)