---
title: Ankylosaurus was a living tank, covered in bony plates with a heavy… — Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, St… · tree and pragmatics
description: Ankylosaurus was a living tank, covered in bony plates with a heavy club on its tail that could break a predator's leg with one swing. Who acts: Ankylosaurus, living tank. A sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the bio
---

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# Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills, sentence 3

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Ankylosaurus was a living tank, covered in bony plates with a heavy club on its tail that could break a predator's leg with one swing.

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**Who acts:** Ankylosaurus, living tank · **What happens:** be, cover, break · **To what, where:** living tank, leg

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Horns, frills, plates and clubs: Triceratops, Stegosaurus, Ankylosaurus and the duck-bills» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ankylosaurus, living tank), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:3
# text = Ankylosaurus was a living tank, covered in bony plates with a heavy club on its tail that could break a predator's leg with one swing.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Ankylosaurus	Ankylosaurus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	predator	predator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Ankylosaurus | a living tank |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a living tank *not said here* |  |  |  | with a heavy club on tank's tail; in bony plates | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in plate=Theme |
| 3 | **break** | could | a living tank | a predator's leg |  |  |  | with one swing | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent leg=Patient with swing=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:267-horns-frills-plates-and-clubs.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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