---
title: Microraptor had long feathers on its arms and legs, could glide betw… — Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers… · tree and pragmatics
description: Microraptor had long feathers on its arms and legs, could glide between trees, and its feathers were shiny black like a starling's, which scientists could tell from tiny colour-holding shapes kept in the fossil feathers. Who acts: Microraptor, feathers, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Raptors:
---

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# Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes, sentence 13

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Microraptor had long feathers on its arms and legs, could glide between trees, and its feathers were shiny black like a starling's, which scientists could tell from tiny colour-holding shapes kept in the fossil feathers.

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**Who acts:** Microraptor, feathers, scientists · **What happens:** have, glide, be, tell, hold, keep · **To what, where:** long feathers, arms, trees, starling, tiny colour holding shapes, fossil feathers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Microraptor, feathers, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:13
# text = Microraptor had long feathers on its arms and legs, could glide between trees, and its feathers were shiny black like a starling's, which scientists could tell from tiny colour-holding shapes kept in the fossil feathers.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Microraptor	Microraptor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	glide	glide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis
13	between	between	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
20	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
21	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	starling	starling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	obj	_	_
28	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
29	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	acl:relcl	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
32	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
33	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	_
35	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	36	amod	_	_
36	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
37	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	compound	_	_
41	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Microraptor | long feathers |  | evidence's arms and legs |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 2 | **glide** | could | Microraptor *not said here* |  |  | trees |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between tree=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** | past | evidence's feathers |  |  |  |  | shiny *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | could | scientists | a starling |  | tiny colour holding shapes |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent which=Recipient |
| 5 | **hold** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **keep** | participle |  | tiny colour holding shapes *not said here* |  | the fossil feathers |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in feather=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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