--- title: Most raptors could not fly, because their arms were too short; their… — Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers… · tree and pragmatics description: Most raptors could not fly, because their arms were too short; their feathered arms helped with balance, display and covering eggs, and feathers came before flight. Who acts: Most raptors, arms, feathered arms, feathers. A sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and f --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/) / 14 # Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes, sentence 14 Most raptors could not fly, because their arms were too short; their feathered arms helped with balance, display and covering eggs, and feathers came before flight. **Who acts:** Most raptors, arms, feathered arms, feathers · **What happens:** not fly, be, help, cover, come · **To what, where:** eggs, flight This is a sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most raptors, arms, feathered arms, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:14 # text = Most raptors could not fly, because their arms were too short; their feathered arms helped with balance, display and covering eggs, and feathers came before flight. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 raptors raptor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 7 because because SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 8 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 11 too too ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 advcl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 feathered feathered ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 balance balance NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 display display NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:appos 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 covering cover VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 21 conj _ _ 24 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 29 before before ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **fly** | could | Most raptors | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | past | raptors's arms | | | | | short *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **help** | past | raptors's feathered arms | | | | | with balance and display | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with balance=Theme | | 4 | **cover** | gerund | raptors's feathered arms *not said here* | eggs | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme egg=Destination | | 5 | **come** | past | feathers | | | flight | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before flight=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/13/) - next →: [Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws,…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/)