--- title: The first feathers were simple threads like a chick's down; they kep… — Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the c… · tree and pragmatics description: The first feathers were simple threads like a chick's down; they kept animals warm, then grew bigger for show, and only later were used for flight. Who acts: first feathers, feathers. A sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeoptery…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/) / 10 # Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate, sentence 10 The first feathers were simple threads like a chick's down; they kept animals warm, then grew bigger for show, and only later were used for flight. **Who acts:** first feathers, feathers · **What happens:** be, keep, grow, use · **To what, where:** simple threads, animals This is a sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first feathers, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:10 # text = The first feathers were simple threads like a chick's down; they kept animals warm, then grew bigger for show, and only later were used for flight. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 3 amod _ _ 3 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 simple simple ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 threads thread NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 like like ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 chick chick NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 's 's PART POS _ 9 case _ _ 11 down down NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 15 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:amod 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 19 advmod _ _ 19 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj 20 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 19 xcomp _ _ 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 show show NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 only only ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 28 advmod _ _ 27 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 29 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | the first feathers | simple threads | | | | like a chick's down | tree rules | | 2 | **keep** | past | feathers *= feather* | animals | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | | 3 | **grow** | past | feathers *= feather* *not said here* | | | | then | for show; big *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **use** | past · passive | the first feathers *not said here* | | | | | for flight; late *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeoptery…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/9/) - next →: [Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeoptery…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/)