--- title: Early birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis had teeth; modern bi… — Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the c… · tree and pragmatics description: Early birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis had teeth; modern birds lost their teeth and grew light beaks, which helps them fly. Who acts: Early birds, modern birds, light beaks, Birds. A sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeoptery…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/) / 16 # Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate, sentence 16 Early birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis had teeth; modern birds lost their teeth and grew light beaks, which helps them fly. **Who acts:** Early birds, modern birds, light beaks, Birds · **What happens:** have, lose, grow, help, fly · **To what, where:** teeth, light beaks, Birds This is a sentence of the lesson «Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeopteryx to the chicken on your plate» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Early birds, modern birds, light beaks, Birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:16 # text = Early birds such as Hesperornis and Ichthyornis had teeth; modern birds lost their teeth and grew light beaks, which helps them fly. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 3 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 3 fixed _ _ 5 Hesperornis Hesperornis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 Ichthyornis Ichthyornis PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 modern modern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 18 light light ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Early birds such Hesperornis and Ichthyornis | teeth | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 2 | **lose** | past | modern birds | Birds's teeth | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Eventuality | | 3 | **grow** | past | modern birds *not said here* | light beaks | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location beak=Theme | | 4 | **help** | present | light beaks | Birds *= bird* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **fly** | infinitive | Birds *= bird* *not said here* | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Feathered dinosaurs: from Archaeoptery…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/14/) - next →: [Not dinosaurs at all: pterosaurs, ples…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/270-not-dinosaurs-pterosaurs-plesiosaurs-mosasaurs-mary-anning/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/269-feathered-dinosaurs-archaeopteryx-to-chicken/)