--- title: Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, wear sea sponges on their bea… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics description: Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, wear sea sponges on their beaks to protect them while digging for fish, a trick passed mostly from mothers to daughters. Who acts: dolphins. A sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dolphins, porpoises and seals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/) / 10 # Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 10 Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, wear sea sponges on their beaks to protect them while digging for fish, a trick passed mostly from mothers to daughters. **Who acts:** dolphins · **What happens:** wear, protect, dig, pass · **To what, where:** sea sponges, beaks, sponges, trick, daughters This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dolphins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:10 # text = Some dolphins in Shark Bay, Australia, wear sea sponges on their beaks to protect them while digging for fish, a trick passed mostly from mothers to daughters. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 Shark Shark PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 Bay Bay PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 wear wear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 sponges sponge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 on on ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod 15 to to PART TO _ 16 mark _ _ 16 protect protect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:acl 17 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 while while SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 19 digging dig VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ _ 20 for for ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 trick trick NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 25 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 acl _ _ 26 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 from from ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 daughters daughter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wear** | present | some dolphins in Shark Bay | sea sponges and a trick | | sponges's beaks | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sponge=Theme | | 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | some dolphins in Shark Bay *not said here* | sponges *= sponge* | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary | | 3 | **dig** | gerund | some dolphins in Shark Bay *not said here* | | | | | for fish | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for fish=Theme | | 4 | **pass** | participle | | a trick *not said here* | daughters | | | from mothers; mostly *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from mother=Initial\_Location to daughter=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/9/) - next →: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/)