---
title: Porpoises are smaller cousins of dolphins with rounded heads, no lon… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics
description: Porpoises are smaller cousins of dolphins with rounded heads, no long beak and spade-shaped teeth. Who acts: Porpoises. A sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 11

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Porpoises are smaller cousins of dolphins with rounded heads, no long beak and spade-shaped teeth.

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**Who acts:** Porpoises · **What happens:** be, round, shape · **To what, where:** smaller cousins

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Porpoises), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:11
# text = Porpoises are smaller cousins of dolphins with rounded heads, no long beak and spade-shaped teeth.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Porpoises	porpoise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	cousins	cousin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc
15	spade	spade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	_
17	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
18	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Porpoises | smaller cousins |  |  |  | of dolphins with rounded heads and no long beak and shaped teeth | tree rules |
| 2 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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