--- title: Sea lions have small outer ears, can turn their back flippers forwar… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics description: Sea lions have small outer ears, can turn their back flippers forward to walk, and swim with their front flippers; true seals have no outer ears and swim with their back flippers. Who acts: Sea lions, true seals. A sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dolphins, porpoises and seals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/) / 14 # Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 14 Sea lions have small outer ears, can turn their back flippers forward to walk, and swim with their front flippers; true seals have no outer ears and swim with their back flippers. **Who acts:** Sea lions, true seals · **What happens:** have, turn, walk, swim · **To what, where:** small outer ears, back flippers, outer ears This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea lions, true seals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:14 # text = Sea lions have small outer ears, can turn their back flippers forward to walk, and swim with their front flippers; true seals have no outer ears and swim with their back flippers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 11 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 13 forward forward ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 walk walk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 19 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 26 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 27 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 29 det _ _ 28 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 34 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 35 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Sea lions | small outer ears | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 2 | **turn** | can | Sea lions *not said here* | ears's back flippers | | | | forward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent flipper=Theme | | 3 | **walk** | to-infinitive | Sea lions *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **swim** | present | Sea lions *not said here* | | | | | with ears's front flippers | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with flipper=Theme | | 5 | **have** | present | true seals | no outer ears | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | | 6 | **swim** | present | true seals *not said here* | | | | | with flippers's back flippers | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with flipper=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/13/) - next →: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/)