--- title: Dolphins find things by echolocation: they send out fast clicks and… — Dolphins, porpoises and seals · tree and pragmatics description: Dolphins find things by echolocation: they send out fast clicks and listen to the echoes, and sound travels well through water even where it is too muddy to see far. Who acts: Dolphins, things, sound, dolphin. A sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Dolphins, porpoises and seals](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/) / 5 # Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 5 Dolphins find things by echolocation: they send out fast clicks and listen to the echoes, and sound travels well through water even where it is too muddy to see far. **Who acts:** Dolphins, things, sound, dolphin · **What happens:** find, send out, listen, travel, be, see · **To what, where:** things, fast clicks, water This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, things, sound, dolphin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:5 # text = Dolphins find things by echolocation: they send out fast clicks and listen to the echoes, and sound travels well through water even where it is too muddy to see far. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 send send VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 9 out out ADP RP _ 8 compound:prt _ _ 10 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 listen listen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 21 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 20 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:advmod 22 through through ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 even even ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 25 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 29 advmod _ _ 26 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 27 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 28 too too ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 29 muddy muddy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 advcl _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 32 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 31 advmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | present | Dolphins | things | | | | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | | 2 | **send out** | present | things *= thing* | fast clicks | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Theme | | 3 | **listen** | present | things *= thing* *not said here* | | | | | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | | 4 | **travel** | present | sound | | | water | | well *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory | | 5 | **is** | present | dolphin | | | | | muddy *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **see** | to-infinitive | dolphin *not said here* | | | | | far *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/4/) - next →: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/)