---
title: Africa kept more of its big animals, perhaps because they grew up al… — Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, g… · tree and pragmatics
description: Africa kept more of its big animals, perhaps because they grew up alongside people and learned to fear them. Who acts: Africa, people. A sentence of the lesson «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dep
---

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# Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos, sentence 16

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Africa kept more of its big animals, perhaps because they grew up alongside people and learned to fear them.

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**Who acts:** Africa, people · **What happens:** keep, grow up, learn, fear · **To what, where:** more, people

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Mammoths and the Ice Age giants: sabre-tooths, ground sloths and woolly rhinos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africa, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson:16
# text = Africa kept more of its big animals, perhaps because they grew up alongside people and learned to fear them.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	alongside	alongside	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=12:cc
17	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	fear	fear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Africa | more of relative's big animals |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Theme |
| 2 | **grow up** | past | people |  |  |  |  | alongside people; perhaps *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside people=Location |
| 3 | **learn** | past | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **fear** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:272-mammoths-and-the-ice-age-giants.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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