--- title: Sharks lose and replace thousands of teeth in their lives; old teeth… — Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and pr… · tree and pragmatics description: Sharks lose and replace thousands of teeth in their lives; old teeth fall to the sea floor, can become fossils, and are turned black by minerals over a long time. Who acts: Sharks, old teeth, minerals. A sentence of the lesson «Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present» of the biology co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Megalodon and the giants of the sea, p…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea/) / 15 # Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present, sentence 15 Sharks lose and replace thousands of teeth in their lives; old teeth fall to the sea floor, can become fossils, and are turned black by minerals over a long time. **Who acts:** Sharks, old teeth, minerals · **What happens:** lose, replace, fall, become, turn · **To what, where:** thousands, lives, fossils This is a sentence of the lesson «Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharks, old teeth, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea.lesson:15 # text = Sharks lose and replace thousands of teeth in their lives; old teeth fall to the sea floor, can become fossils, and are turned black by minerals over a long time. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 and and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 replace replace VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 5 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 fall fall VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 floor floor NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 conj _ _ 22 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 xcomp _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 27 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 xcomp _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 over over ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | present | Sharks | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **replace** | present | Sharks *not said here* | thousands of teeth | | whales's lives | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme thousand=Co-Theme | | 3 | **fall** | present | old teeth | | | | | to the sea floor | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to floor=Theme | | 4 | **become** | can | old teeth *not said here* | fossils | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **turn** | present · passive | minerals | | | | time | black *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Megalodon and the giants of the sea, p…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea/14/) - next →: [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea/)