--- title: Terror birds were meat-eating birds of South America with small wing… — Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost… · tree and pragmatics description: Terror birds were meat-eating birds of South America with small wings they could not fly with, some about 3 metres tall, with hooked beaks like axes; they lived until about 2 million years ago. Who acts: Terror birds, birds. A sentence of the lesson «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/) / 5 # Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants, sentence 5 Terror birds were meat-eating birds of South America with small wings they could not fly with, some about 3 metres tall, with hooked beaks like axes; they lived until about 2 million years ago. **Who acts:** Terror birds, birds · **What happens:** be, not fly, hook, live · **To what, where:** meat eating birds, small wings This is a sentence of the lesson «Terror birds, moas, giant insects and other lost giants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Terror birds, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants.lesson:5 # text = Terror birds were meat-eating birds of South America with small wings they could not fly with, some about 3 metres tall, with hooked beaks like axes; they lived until about 2 million years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Terror terror NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 6 eating eating ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 15 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 16 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 17 advmod _ _ 17 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 acl:relcl _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 17 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 23 det _ _ 21 about about ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 3 3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 24 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 hooked hook VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 amod _ _ 28 beaks beak NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 29 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 axes ax NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 34 until until ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 35 about about ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 36 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 37 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:nummod 37 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 38 nummod _ _ 38 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl:unmarked _ _ 39 ago ago ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Terror birds | meat eating birds and some 3 metres | | | | of South America; with small wings | tree rules | | 2 | **not** **fly** | could | birds *= bird* | small wings *not said here* | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme | | 3 | **hook** | participle | | | | | | | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **live** | past | birds *= bird* | | | | year | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/4/) - next →: [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/)