--- title: A fossil is a living thing, or a mark it made, that was kept in rock… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: A fossil is a living thing, or a mark it made, that was kept in rock: a shell, a bone, a leaf, a footprint, even a dinosaur's poo. Who acts: fossil. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 0 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 0 A fossil is a living thing, or a mark it made, that was kept in rock: a shell, a bone, a leaf, a footprint, even a dinosaur's poo. **Who acts:** fossil · **What happens:** be, make, keep · **To what, where:** living thing, mark, rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:0 # text = A fossil is a living thing, or a mark it made, that was kept in rock: a shell, a bone, a leaf, a footprint, even a dinosaur's poo. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 mark mark NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:appos 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj:pass|HaikuPos=PRON:DT:Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 15 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl:relcl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 footprint footprint NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 even even ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:det 34 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 's 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 poo poo NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | a living thing or a mark | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | past | fossil | a mark *not said here* | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material mark=Product | | 3 | **keep** | past · passive | | a mark | | rock | | a shell and a bone and a leaf and a footprint and a dinosaur's poo *obl* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in rock=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Terror birds, moas, giant insects and…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/274-terror-birds-moas-giant-insects-and-lost-giants/16/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)