--- title: Picture a shell sinking into soft mud at the bottom of the sea; more… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: Picture a shell sinking into soft mud at the bottom of the sea; more mud piles on top, and over millions of years water full of dissolved minerals seeps through and slowly fills or replaces the shell with stone. Who acts: you, shell, mud, water. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 1 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 1 Picture a shell sinking into soft mud at the bottom of the sea; more mud piles on top, and over millions of years water full of dissolved minerals seeps through and slowly fills or replaces the shell with stone. **Who acts:** you, shell, mud, water · **What happens:** picture, sink, pile, dissolve, seep, fill · **To what, where:** shell, soft mud, top, millions This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, shell, mud, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:1 # text = Picture a shell sinking into soft mud at the bottom of the sea; more mud piles on top, and over millions of years water full of dissolved minerals seeps through and slowly fills or replaces the shell with stone. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Picture picture VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 sinking sink VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 acl _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ _ 16 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 17 piles pile VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=26:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 22 over over ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 26 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 27 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 dissolved dissolve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 amod _ _ 30 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 seeps seep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 32 through through ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:advmod 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 fills fill VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 36 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 37 replaces replace VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 with with ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **picture** | imperative | you *not said here* | a shell | | | | | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent shell=Theme | | 2 | **sink** | gerund | a shell *not said here* | | | soft mud | | at the bottom of the sea | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **pile** | present | mud | | | top | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on top=Destination | | 4 | **dissolve** | participle | | | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **seep** | present | water | | | millions of years | | through *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over million=Location | | 6 | **fill** | present | water *not said here* | | | | | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **replace** | present | water *not said here* | the shell | | | | with stone | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme shell=Location with stone=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/0/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)