--- title: Trace fossils are marks animals left behind, such as footprints, bur… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: Trace fossils are marks animals left behind, such as footprints, burrows, tooth marks, nests, eggs and fossil poo; they show how animals walked, hid and lived. Who acts: Trace fossils, animals, bodies. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 10 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 10 Trace fossils are marks animals left behind, such as footprints, burrows, tooth marks, nests, eggs and fossil poo; they show how animals walked, hid and lived. **Who acts:** Trace fossils, animals, bodies · **What happens:** be, leave behind, show, walk, hide, live · **To what, where:** marks · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trace fossils, animals, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:10 # text = Trace fossils are marks animals left behind, such as footprints, burrows, tooth marks, nests, eggs and fossil poo; they show how animals walked, hid and lived. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1 1 Trace trace NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 7 behind behind ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 11 case _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ _ 11 footprints footprint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 burrows burrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 nests nest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 eggs egg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=11:cc 22 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 poo poo NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 27 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 28 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj _ _ 29 walked walk VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=29:punct 31 hid hide VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=31:cc 33 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=31:conj 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Trace fossils | marks | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **leave behind** | participle | animals | marks *not said here* | | | | behind *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mark=Theme | | 3 | **show** | present | bodies *= body* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **walk** | past | animals | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hide** | past | animals *not said here* | | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **live** | past | animals *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/9/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)