--- title: Palaeontologists dig slowly, map where each bone lies, and wrap big… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: Palaeontologists dig slowly, map where each bone lies, and wrap big bones in plaster jackets, like a cast on a broken arm, to carry them safely. Who acts: Palaeontologists, bone. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 11 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 11 Palaeontologists dig slowly, map where each bone lies, and wrap big bones in plaster jackets, like a cast on a broken arm, to carry them safely. **Who acts:** Palaeontologists, bone · **What happens:** dig, map, lie, wrap, break, carry · **To what, where:** big bones, plaster jackets, palaeontologists This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Palaeontologists, bone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:11 # text = Palaeontologists dig slowly, map where each bone lies, and wrap big bones in plaster jackets, like a cast on a broken arm, to carry them safely. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Palaeontologists palaeontologist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 dig dig VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 map map VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 6 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 9 advmod _ _ 7 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 lies lie VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 wrap wrap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=5:conj 13 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 plaster plaster NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 jackets jacket NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nmod 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 like like ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 cast cast NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 25 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 safely safely ADV RB Degree=Pos 28 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **dig** | present | Palaeontologists | | | | | slowly *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **map** | present | Palaeontologists *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **lie** | present | each bone | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **wrap** | present | Palaeontologists *not said here* | big bones | | plaster jackets | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bone=Theme in jacket=Destination | | 5 | **break** | participle | | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **carry** | to-infinitive | Palaeontologists *not said here* | palaeontologists *= palaeontologist* | | | | safely *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/10/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)