--- title: Petrified wood is wood turned to stone as minerals replaced it cell… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: Petrified wood is wood turned to stone as minerals replaced it cell by cell; the Petrified Forest in Arizona is full of it, and tree rings can still be seen. Who acts: Petrified wood, minerals, Petrified Forest. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it u --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 16 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 16 Petrified wood is wood turned to stone as minerals replaced it cell by cell; the Petrified Forest in Arizona is full of it, and tree rings can still be seen. **Who acts:** Petrified wood, minerals, Petrified Forest · **What happens:** be, turn, replace, petrify, see · **To what, where:** wood, stone, tree rings This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Petrified wood, minerals, Petrified Forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:16 # text = Petrified wood is wood turned to stone as minerals replaced it cell by cell; the Petrified Forest in Arizona is full of it, and tree rings can still be seen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Petrified petrify ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:amod|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 6 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 8 as as SCONJ IN _ 10 mark _ _ 9 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 replaced replace VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 cell cell NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 by by ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 cell cell NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 Petrified petrify VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 amod _ _ 18 Forest Forest PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Arizona Arizona PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 22 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 27 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 32 aux _ _ 30 still still ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 31 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 32 aux:pass _ _ 32 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Petrified wood | wood | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **turn** | participle | | wood *not said here* | | stone | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to stone=Trajectory | | 3 | **replace** | past | minerals | wood | | | | cell by cell *obl:unmarked* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme | | 4 | **petrify** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | the Petrified Forest in Arizona | | | | | of wood; full *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **see** | can · passive | | tree rings | | | still | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/15/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)