--- title: A fossil is the shape of a living thing turned into stone or pressed… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: A fossil is the shape of a living thing turned into stone or pressed into rock; most fossils are of sea animals with hard parts like shells and bones. Who acts: fossil, most fossils. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of M --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 5 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 5 A fossil is the shape of a living thing turned into stone or pressed into rock; most fossils are of sea animals with hard parts like shells and bones. **Who acts:** fossil, most fossils · **What happens:** be, turn, press · **To what, where:** shape, living thing, stone, rock This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil, most fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:5 # text = A fossil is the shape of a living thing turned into stone or pressed into rock; most fossils are of sea animals with hard parts like shells and bones. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 living living NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 into into ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 pressed press VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 conj _ _ 15 into into ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 18 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 19 amod _ _ 19 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 23 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 24 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 like like ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:conj 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | the shape | | | | of a living thing | tree rules | | 2 | **turn** | participle | | a living thing *not said here* | | stone | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into stone=Trajectory | | 3 | **press** | participle | | | | rock | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent into rock=Trajectory | | 4 | **is** | present | most fossils | | | | | of sea animals; with hard parts like shells and bones | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/4/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)