--- title: A shell or bone becomes a fossil when it is buried in mud or sand an… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: A shell or bone becomes a fossil when it is buried in mud or sand and minerals carried by water slowly fill or replace it. Who acts: shell, minerals. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 6 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 6 A shell or bone becomes a fossil when it is buried in mud or sand and minerals carried by water slowly fill or replace it. **Who acts:** shell, minerals · **What happens:** become, bury, carry, fill, replace · **To what, where:** fossil, mud, minerals This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell, minerals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:6 # text = A shell or bone becomes a fossil when it is buried in mud or sand and minerals carried by water slowly fill or replace it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 or or CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 4 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ 5 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:obj 8 when when SCONJ WRB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 10 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 11 buried bury VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 advcl _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 14 or or CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 minerals mineral NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 18 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 by by ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 21 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 fill fill VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 replace replace VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | present | a shell or bone | a fossil | | | | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **bury** | present · passive | | fossil | | mud or sand and minerals | | | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in mud=Destination | | 3 | **carry** | participle | | minerals *not said here* | | | | by water | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fill** | present | minerals *not said here* | | | | | slowly *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **replace** | infinitive | minerals *not said here* | fossil | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/5/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)