--- title: Ammonites are curly fossil shells of sea animals related to squid an… — Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and h… · tree and pragmatics description: Ammonites are curly fossil shells of sea animals related to squid and octopus; they died out at the same time as the big dinosaurs, about 66 million years ago. Who acts: Ammonites, shell. A sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/) / 7 # Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 7 Ammonites are curly fossil shells of sea animals related to squid and octopus; they died out at the same time as the big dinosaurs, about 66 million years ago. **Who acts:** Ammonites, shell · **What happens:** be, die out · **To what, where:** curly fossil shells This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ammonites, shell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:7 # text = Ammonites are curly fossil shells of sea animals related to squid and octopus; they died out at the same time as the big dinosaurs, about 66 million years ago. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Ammonites ammonite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 curly curly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 9 related related ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 squid squid NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 octopus octopus NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 17 out out ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 22 as as ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 about about ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 28 66 66 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 29 compound _ _ 29 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:obl:unmarked 31 ago ago ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:advmod 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Ammonites | curly fossil shells | | | | of sea animals | tree rules | | 2 | **die out** | past | shell | | | | time | as the big dinosaurs; ago *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/6/) - next →: [Fossils: how a living thing turns to s…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/)