--- title: DNA breaks down over time, and no dinosaur DNA has ever been found;… — How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber a… · tree and pragmatics description: DNA breaks down over time, and no dinosaur DNA has ever been found; the oldest DNA read so far is about 2 million years old, from soil in Greenland. Who acts: DNA, oldest DNA. A sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [How old is it? Rock layers, rock clock…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/) / 8 # How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life, sentence 8 DNA breaks down over time, and no dinosaur DNA has ever been found; the oldest DNA read so far is about 2 million years old, from soil in Greenland. **Who acts:** DNA, oldest DNA · **What happens:** break down, find, read, be · **To what, where:** dinosaur DNA, oldest DNA, soil This is a sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (DNA, oldest DNA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:8 # text = DNA breaks down over time, and no dinosaur DNA has ever been found; the oldest DNA read so far is about 2 million years old, from soil in Greenland. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 down down ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 4 over over ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 8 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 10 det _ _ 9 dinosaur dinosaur NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 11 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 12 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 14 advmod _ _ 13 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 18 amod _ _ 18 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 19 read read VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 acl:relcl _ _ 20 so so ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 19 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:advmod 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 23 about about ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 compound _ _ 25 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl:unmarked _ _ 27 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:conj 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Greenland Greenland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **break down** | present | DNA | | | | time | | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **find** | present · perfect · passive | | no dinosaur DNA | | | ever | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 3 | **read** | participle | | the oldest DNA *not said here* | | | | far *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | the oldest DNA | | | soil in Greenland | year | old *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [How old is it? Rock layers, rock clock…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/7/) - next →: [How old is it? Rock layers, rock clock…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/)