--- title: Neanderthals were close human relatives who died out long ago; scien… — DNA simply: the recipe in every cell · tree and pragmatics description: Neanderthals were close human relatives who died out long ago; scientists have read DNA from Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years old and found that many people today carry a small part of Neanderthal DNA; Svante Pääbo won a Nobel Prize for this in 2022. Who acts: Neanderthals, close human r --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/) / 12 # DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 12 Neanderthals were close human relatives who died out long ago; scientists have read DNA from Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years old and found that many people today carry a small part of Neanderthal DNA; Svante Pääbo won a Nobel Prize for this in 2022. **Who acts:** Neanderthals, close human relatives, scientists, many people, Svante · **What happens:** be, die out, read, find, carry, win · **To what, where:** close human relatives, DNA, Neanderthal bones tens, small part, Nobel Prize, 2022 · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Neanderthals, close human relatives, scientists, many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:12 # text = Neanderthals were close human relatives who died out long ago; scientists have read DNA from Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years old and found that many people today carry a small part of Neanderthal DNA; Svante Pääbo won a Nobel Prize for this in 2022. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Neanderthals neanderthal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 close close ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 4 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 parataxis _ _ 6 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 out out ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 long long ADV RB Degree=Pos 10 advmod _ _ 10 ago ago ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 13 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 read read VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 15 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 from from ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 Neanderthal Neanderthal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 18 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 compound _ _ 19 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 24 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 27 that that SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl:unmarked _ _ 31 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 Neanderthal Neanderthal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=37:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 37 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 ; ; PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 Svante Svante PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 nsubj _ _ 40 Pääbo Pääbo PROPN NNP Number=Sing 39 flat _ _ 41 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 42 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 Nobel Nobel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 44 Prize Prize PROPN NNP Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 45 for for ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 41 obl _ _ 47 in in ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 41 obl _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | Neanderthals | close human relatives | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **die out** | past | close human relatives | | | | | ago, out *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **read** | present · perfect | scientists | DNA | | Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dna=Topic from ten=Source | | 4 | **find** | past | scientists *not said here* | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 5 | **carry** | present | many people | a small part of Neanderthal DNA | | | today | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme | | 6 | **win** | past | Svante | a Nobel Prize | | 2022 | | for this | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent prize=Theme for this=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/11/) - next →: [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/)