--- title: Changes in DNA are called mutations; they happen when cells copy DNA… — DNA simply: the recipe in every cell · tree and pragmatics description: Changes in DNA are called mutations; they happen when cells copy DNA with small mistakes, and most do nothing, some are harmful and a few are useful. Who acts: Changes, cells, most, some. A sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/) / 13 # DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 13 Changes in DNA are called mutations; they happen when cells copy DNA with small mistakes, and most do nothing, some are harmful and a few are useful. **Who acts:** Changes, cells, most, some, few · **What happens:** call, happen, copy, do, be · **To what, where:** Changes, DNA, nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Changes, cells, most, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:13 # text = Changes in DNA are called mutations; they happen when cells copy DNA with small mistakes, and most do nothing, some are harmful and a few are useful. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Changes change NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 mutations mutation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 xcomp _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 happen happen VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 11 cells cell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 copy copy VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 13 DNA DNA NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 mistakes mistake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 20 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=20:nsubj|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 20 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 21 nothing nothing PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 25 nsubj _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 harmful harmful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 nsubj _ _ 29 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 30 useful useful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | Changes in DNA | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 2 | **happen** | present | Changes *= change* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **copy** | present | cells | DNA | | | | with small mistakes | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Theme | | 4 | **do** | present | most | nothing | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | | 5 | **is** | present | some | | | | | harmful *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** | present | a few | | | | | useful *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/12/) - next →: [DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/)