---
title: Small copying mistakes in DNA, called mutations, are how living thin… — DNA simply: the recipe in every cell · tree and pragmatics
description: Small copying mistakes in DNA, called mutations, are how living things slowly change, so DNA is both the recipe of one body and the long history of life. Who acts: Small copying mistakes, DNA. A sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 4

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Small copying mistakes in DNA, called mutations, are how living things slowly change, so DNA is both the recipe of one body and the long history of life.

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**Who acts:** Small copying mistakes, DNA · **What happens:** call, be · **To what, where:** mutations, recipe · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small copying mistakes, DNA), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:4
# text = Small copying mistakes in DNA, called mutations, are how living things slowly change, so DNA is both the recipe of one body and the long history of life.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	copying	copying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
8	mutations	mutation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
12	living	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
18	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc:preconj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | Small copying mistakes in DNA *not said here* | mutations |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Small copying mistakes in DNA |  |  |  |  | change, slowly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | DNA | the recipe and the long history of life |  |  |  | of one body | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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