--- title: Cave fish in Mexico live in total darkness and lost their eyes over… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: Cave fish in Mexico live in total darkness and lost their eyes over many generations, because eyes cost energy and are useless in the dark; fish of the same species near the surface still have eyes. Who acts: Cave fish, eyes, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long n --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 13 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 13 Cave fish in Mexico live in total darkness and lost their eyes over many generations, because eyes cost energy and are useless in the dark; fish of the same species near the surface still have eyes. **Who acts:** Cave fish, eyes, fish · **What happens:** live, lose, cost, be, have · **To what, where:** total darkness, eyes, many generations, energy, dark This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cave fish, eyes, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:13 # text = Cave fish in Mexico live in total darkness and lost their eyes over many generations, because eyes cost energy and are useless in the dark; fish of the same species near the surface still have eyes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Cave cave NOUN NN _ 2 compound _ _ 2 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Mexico Mexico PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 total total ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 darkness darkness NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 lost lose VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 over over ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 17 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 cost cost VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 advcl _ _ 20 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 23 useless useless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 conj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 species species NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nmod _ _ 33 near near ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 36 still still ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 38 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | Cave fish in Mexico | | | total darkness | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in darkness=Location | | 2 | **lose** | past | Cave fish in Mexico *not said here* | islands's eyes | | | over many generations | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Eventuality | | 3 | **cost** | present | eyes | energy | | | | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme energy=Value | | 4 | **is** | present | eyes *not said here* | | | the dark | | useless *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **have** | present | fish of the same species near the surface | eyes | | | still | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/12/) - next →: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)