--- title: The eye could evolve bit by bit: a light-sensing patch is already us… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: The eye could evolve bit by bit: a light-sensing patch is already useful, a cup shape shows direction, a pinhole makes a picture, and a lens makes it sharp; all these stages exist in living animals today. Who acts: eye, sensing patch, cup shape, pinhole. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why gira --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 16 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 16 The eye could evolve bit by bit: a light-sensing patch is already useful, a cup shape shows direction, a pinhole makes a picture, and a lens makes it sharp; all these stages exist in living animals today. **Who acts:** eye, sensing patch, cup shape, pinhole, lens, stages · **What happens:** evolve, be, show, make, exist · **To what, where:** bit, direction, picture This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eye, sensing patch, cup shape, pinhole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:16 # text = The eye could evolve bit by bit: a light-sensing patch is already useful, a cup shape shows direction, a pinhole makes a picture, and a lens makes it sharp; all these stages exist in living animals today. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 evolve evolve VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advmod 6 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 bit bit NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 fixed _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 10 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 11 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 10 punct _ _ 12 sensing sensing NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 patch patch NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 15 already already ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 useful useful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 22 direction direction NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 pinhole pinhole NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 26 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 picture picture NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 lens lens NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 33 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 obj _ _ 35 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 xcomp _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 37 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 39 det:predet _ _ 38 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 39 det _ _ 39 stages stage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 40 exist exist VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 living living ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 44 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=42:obl:unmarked 45 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **evolve** | could | the eye | bit | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | present | a sensing patch | | | | | useful *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **show** | present | a cup shape | direction | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent direction=Recipient | | 4 | **make** | present | a pinhole | a picture | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product | | 5 | **make** | present | a lens | picture | | | | sharp *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | | 6 | **exist** | present | all stages | | | | today | in living animals | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in animal=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/15/) - next →: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)