--- title: There are no animals with wheels, because each step of evolution mus… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: There are no animals with wheels, because each step of evolution must work on its own and a wheel cannot be built step by step from living parts that need blood and nerves; bacteria do have tiny spinning motors. Who acts: animals, step, living parts, bacteria. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution: wh --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 17 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 17 There are no animals with wheels, because each step of evolution must work on its own and a wheel cannot be built step by step from living parts that need blood and nerves; bacteria do have tiny spinning motors. **Who acts:** animals, step, living parts, bacteria · **What happens:** be, work, not build, live, need, have · **To what, where:** wheel, living parts, blood, tiny spinning motors, evolution This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, step, living parts, bacteria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:17 # text = There are no animals with wheels, because each step of evolution must work on its own and a wheel cannot be built step by step from living parts that need blood and nerves; bacteria do have tiny spinning motors. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 wheels wheel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:obl 7 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 8 because because SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 9 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 10 det _ _ 10 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 evolution evolution NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 14 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 wheel wheel NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 23 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 advcl _ _ 25 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:obj 26 by by ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 step step NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 amod _ _ 30 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 32 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 33 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 nerves nerve NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 conj _ _ 36 ; ; PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 38 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 have have VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 40 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 41 spinning spin VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 42 amod _ _ 42 motors motor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **does** | present | no animals with wheels | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **work** | must | each step of evolution | | | | | on step's own | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on own=Theme | | 3 | **not** **build** | can · passive | step | a wheel | | living parts | | step *obl* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset subject=Product from part=Material | | 4 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **need** | present | living parts | blood and nerves | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot blood=Theme | | 6 | **have** | present · do-support | bacteria | tiny spinning motors | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motor=Patient | | 7 | **spin** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **step** | | | evolution | | | | | nom step «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/16/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)