--- title: Repeat that over thousands of generations and the average neck grows… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: Repeat that over thousands of generations and the average neck grows longer; this is natural selection, the idea of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. Who acts: you, average neck, this. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 2 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 2 Repeat that over thousands of generations and the average neck grows longer; this is natural selection, the idea of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. **Who acts:** you, average neck, this · **What happens:** repeat, grow, be · **To what, where:** that, thousands, natural selection This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, average neck, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:2 # text = Repeat that over thousands of generations and the average neck grows longer; this is natural selection, the idea of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Repeat repeat VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 1 obj _ _ 3 over over ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 average average ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 grows grow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=1:advcl 12 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 11 advmod _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 17 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 16 natural natural ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 selection selection NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 idea idea NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 appos _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 Charles Charles PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 Darwin Darwin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 flat _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 Alfred Alfred PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 Russel Russel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 conj _ _ 27 Wallace Wallace PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **repeat** | imperative | you *not said here* | that | | thousands of generations | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality | | 2 | **grow** | present | the average neck | | | | | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | present | this | natural selection | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/1/) - next →: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)