--- title: Giraffes are born with slightly different neck lengths; those with l… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: Giraffes are born with slightly different neck lengths; those with longer necks often got more food or won more fights and left more babies, so over many generations the average neck grew longer. Who acts: those, average neck. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 6 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 6 Giraffes are born with slightly different neck lengths; those with longer necks often got more food or won more fights and left more babies, so over many generations the average neck grew longer. **Who acts:** those, average neck · **What happens:** bear, get, win, leave, grow · **To what, where:** Giraffes, more food, more fights, more babies, many generations This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (those, average neck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:6 # text = Giraffes are born with slightly different neck lengths; those with longer necks often got more food or won more fights and left more babies, so over many generations the average neck grew longer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Giraffes giraffe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 5 slightly slightly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 lengths length NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 15 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:nsubj|HaikuPos=DET:DT:Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 11 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 longer long ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 13 amod _ _ 13 necks neck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 often often ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 16 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ _ 17 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 or or CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 20 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ _ 21 fights fight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ _ 24 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 amod _ _ 25 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 27 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 28 over over ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obl _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 32 average average ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 35 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 34 advmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bear** | present · passive | | Giraffes | | | | with different neck lengths | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **get** | past | those | more food | | | | often *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus | | 3 | **win** | past | those *not said here* | more fights | | | | | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality | | 4 | **leave** | past | those *not said here* | more babies | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Theme | | 5 | **grow** | past | the average neck | | | | over many generations | long *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over generation=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/5/) - next →: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)