--- title: The okapi, with a shorter neck and stripy legs, is the giraffe's clo… — Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks · tree and pragmatics description: The okapi, with a shorter neck and stripy legs, is the giraffe's closest living cousin; it lives in thick forest, where a short neck suits its way of life, and fossils show giraffe relatives with shorter necks. Who acts: closest cousin, okapi, short neck, fossils. A sentence of the lesson «Evolution --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/) / 9 # Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 9 The okapi, with a shorter neck and stripy legs, is the giraffe's closest living cousin; it lives in thick forest, where a short neck suits its way of life, and fossils show giraffe relatives with shorter necks. **Who acts:** closest cousin, okapi, short neck, fossils · **What happens:** live, be, suit, show · **To what, where:** closest cousin, thick forest, way, giraffe relatives This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (closest cousin, okapi, short neck, fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:9 # text = The okapi, with a shorter neck and stripy legs, is the giraffe's closest living cousin; it lives in thick forest, where a short neck suits its way of life, and fossils show giraffe relatives with shorter necks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 okapi okapi NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 4 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 amod _ _ 7 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 stripy stripy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 12 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 giraffe giraffe NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 closest close ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 18 amod _ _ 17 living live VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 acl _ _ 18 cousin cousin NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 lives live VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 30 advmod _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:det 28 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:amod 29 neck neck NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:compound 30 suits suit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 31 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 39 giraffe giraffe NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 41 with with ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 43 amod _ _ 43 necks neck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nmod _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | gerund | the giraffe's closest cousin *not said here* | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | | the giraffe's closest cousin | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **live** | present | okapi | | | thick forest | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | | 4 | **suit** | present | a short neck | okapi's way of life | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **show** | present | fossils | giraffe relatives | | | | with shorter necks | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent relative=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/8/) - next →: [Evolution: why giraffes really have lo…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/)