--- title: After strong hurricanes in the Caribbean, scientists who had measure… — Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches,… · tree and pragmatics description: After strong hurricanes in the Caribbean, scientists who had measured lizards just before by chance found that survivors had bigger toe pads that grip better, and the next generation had bigger toe pads too. Who acts: scientists, survivors, bigger toe pads, next generation. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/) / 10 # Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 10 After strong hurricanes in the Caribbean, scientists who had measured lizards just before by chance found that survivors had bigger toe pads that grip better, and the next generation had bigger toe pads too. **Who acts:** scientists, survivors, bigger toe pads, next generation · **What happens:** measure, find, have, grip · **To what, where:** lizards, bigger toe pads · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, survivors, bigger toe pads, next generation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:10 # text = After strong hurricanes in the Caribbean, scientists who had measured lizards just before by chance found that survivors had bigger toe pads that grip better, and the next generation had bigger toe pads too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 After after ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 hurricanes hurricane NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 Caribbean Caribbean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 8 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 9 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 10 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 measured measure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 acl:relcl _ _ 12 lizards lizard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 just just ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 before before ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 15 by by ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 chance chance NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 18 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 survivors survivor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 21 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ _ 22 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 pads pad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 25 grip grip VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 generation generation NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 33 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 amod _ _ 34 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 pads pad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 36 too too ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 17 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **measure** | past · perfect | scientists | lizards | | | | by chance; before *property* | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lizard=Value | | 2 | **find** | past | scientists | | | | after strong hurricanes in the Caribbean | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **have** | past | survivors | bigger toe pads | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient | | 4 | **grip** | present | bigger toe pads | | | | | well *property* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **have** | past | the next generation | bigger toe pads | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/9/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/)