--- title: City animals often become bolder than country ones, because bold one… — Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches,… · tree and pragmatics description: City animals often become bolder than country ones, because bold ones get more food near people; some city birds even sing at a higher pitch to be heard over traffic. Who acts: City animals, bold ones, city birds. A sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/) / 11 # Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 11 City animals often become bolder than country ones, because bold ones get more food near people; some city birds even sing at a higher pitch to be heard over traffic. **Who acts:** City animals, bold ones, city birds · **What happens:** become, get, sing, hear · **To what, where:** more food, higher pitch, traffic This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (City animals, bold ones, city birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:11 # text = City animals often become bolder than country ones, because bold ones get more food near people; some city birds even sing at a higher pitch to be heard over traffic. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 City city NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 often often ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 become become VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 bolder bold ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 4 xcomp _ _ 6 than than ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 because because SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 11 bold bold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 get get VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl 14 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 15 amod _ _ 15 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 near near ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod 18 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 20 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 even even ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 sing sing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 24 at at ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 amod _ _ 27 pitch pitch NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 28 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 29 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 advcl _ _ 31 over over ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 traffic traffic NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **become** | present | City animals | | | | | bold, often *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **get** | present | bold ones | more food | | | | near people | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus | | 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | some city birds | | | a higher pitch | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at pitch=Location | | 4 | **hear** | to-infinitive · passive | some city birds *not said here* | | | traffic | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/10/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/)