--- title: In Mozambique during a long war, poachers killed elephants with tusk… — Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches,… · tree and pragmatics description: In Mozambique during a long war, poachers killed elephants with tusks; tuskless females survived more often, and within a few decades many more elephants were born without tusks. Who acts: poachers, tuskless females. A sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/) / 12 # Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 12 In Mozambique during a long war, poachers killed elephants with tusks; tuskless females survived more often, and within a few decades many more elephants were born without tusks. **Who acts:** poachers, tuskless females · **What happens:** kill, survive, bear · **To what, where:** elephants, Mozambique, many more elephants This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poachers, tuskless females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:12 # text = In Mozambique during a long war, poachers killed elephants with tusks; tuskless females survived more often, and within a few decades many more elephants were born without tusks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 Mozambique Mozambique PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=9:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 during during ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 8 poachers poacher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 9 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod 13 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 tuskless tuskless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 survived survive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 17 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 18 advmod _ _ 18 often often ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 21 within within ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 23 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 decades decade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 25 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 amod _ _ 27 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux:pass _ _ 29 born bear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ _ 30 without without ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kill** | past | poachers | elephants | | Mozambique | during a long war | with tusks | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent elephant=Patient with tusk=Instrument | | 2 | **survive** | past | tuskless females | | | | | often *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **bear** | past · passive | | many more elephants | | | decade | without tusks | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/11/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/)