--- title: In industrial England, soot darkened trees, so dark peppered moths w… — Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches,… · tree and pragmatics description: In industrial England, soot darkened trees, so dark peppered moths were hidden while pale ones were eaten by birds; dark moths became common near cities, and pale moths came back when the air was cleaned. Who acts: soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths. A sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/) / 5 # Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 5 In industrial England, soot darkened trees, so dark peppered moths were hidden while pale ones were eaten by birds; dark moths became common near cities, and pale moths came back when the air was cleaned. **Who acts:** soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths · **What happens:** darken, pepper, hide, eat, become, come back · **To what, where:** trees, dark peppered moths, industrial England, pale ones, cities, air This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:5 # text = In industrial England, soot darkened trees, so dark peppered moths were hidden while pale ones were eaten by birds; dark moths became common near cities, and pale moths came back when the air was cleaned. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 industrial industrial ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 soot soot NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 darkened darken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 parataxis _ _ 7 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 11 peppered pepper VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ _ 12 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 13 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 hidden hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 15 while while SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 16 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 18 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 eaten eat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 advcl _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 23 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 advcl _ _ 26 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:amod 27 near near ADP IN _ 28 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 28 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 xcomp _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 pale pale ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 34 back back ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 35 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 39 advmod _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj:pass _ _ 38 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux:pass _ _ 39 cleaned clean VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 advcl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **darken** | past | soot | trees | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tree=Patient | | 2 | **pepper** | participle | | | | | | | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **hide** | past · passive | | dark peppered moths | | industrial England | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in england=Location | | 4 | **eat** | past · passive | birds | pale ones | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | | 5 | **become** | past | dark moths | cities | | | | common *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **come back** | past | pale moths | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **clean** | past · passive | | the air | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/4/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/)