--- title: When insects such as lice and mosquitoes are sprayed with poison, th… — Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches,… · tree and pragmatics description: When insects such as lice and mosquitoes are sprayed with poison, the survivors breed, and soon most of them carry the resistance; farmers change and mix methods to slow this down. Who acts: survivors, most, farmers. A sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/) / 9 # Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 9 When insects such as lice and mosquitoes are sprayed with poison, the survivors breed, and soon most of them carry the resistance; farmers change and mix methods to slow this down. **Who acts:** survivors, most, farmers · **What happens:** spray, breed, carry, change, mix, slow down · **To what, where:** insects, resistance, methods, this This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (survivors, most, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:9 # text = When insects such as lice and mosquitoes are sprayed with poison, the survivors breed, and soon most of them carry the resistance; farmers change and mix methods to slow this down. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 9 mark _ _ 2 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 3 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 3 fixed _ _ 5 lice louse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 mosquitoes mosquito NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 sprayed spray VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 15 advcl _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 survivors survivor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 breed breed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 18 soon soon ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 19 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 22 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod _ _ 22 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 resistance resistance NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 mix mix VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 30 methods method NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 slow slow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ _ 33 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 32 obj _ _ 34 down down ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:compound:prt|HaikuPos=PART:RP:_ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 15 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spray** | present · passive | | insects such lice and mosquitoes | | | | with poison | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with poison=Theme | | 2 | **breed** | present | the survivors | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **carry** | present | most of survivors | the resistance | | | | soon *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent resistance=Theme | | 4 | **change** | present | farmers | | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **mix** | present | farmers *not said here* | methods | | | | | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent method=Patient | | 6 | **slow down** | to-infinitive | farmers *not said here* | this | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent this=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/8/) - next →: [Natural selection we can watch: moths,…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/)