--- title: A shark is a fish with no bones at all: its skeleton is cartilage, t… — Sharks · tree and pragmatics description: A shark is a fish with no bones at all: its skeleton is cartilage, the bendy stuff in your nose and ears, so it is light and flexible, and because cartilage rots away, shark fossils are mostly teeth. Who acts: shark, skeleton, cartilage, shark fossils. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biolog --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/) / 0 # Sharks, sentence 0 A shark is a fish with no bones at all: its skeleton is cartilage, the bendy stuff in your nose and ears, so it is light and flexible, and because cartilage rots away, shark fossils are mostly teeth. **Who acts:** shark, skeleton, cartilage, shark fossils · **What happens:** be, rot away · **To what, where:** fish, cartilage, teeth This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shark, skeleton, cartilage, shark fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:0 # text = A shark is a fish with no bones at all: its skeleton is cartilage, the bendy stuff in your nose and ears, so it is light and flexible, and because cartilage rots away, shark fossils are mostly teeth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 028-sharks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 8 det _ _ 8 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 8 nmod _ _ 11 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 skeleton skeleton NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 15 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:appos 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 bendy bendy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 conj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 nose nose NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 cop _ _ 29 light light ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:conj 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 flexible flexible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN ExtPos=ADP 36 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:case 35 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 rots rot VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 advcl _ _ 37 away away ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 39 shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 43 nsubj _ _ 41 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 42 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 43 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a shark | a fish and teeth | | | | with no bones at all | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | shark's skeleton | cartilage and the bendy stuff in your nose and ears | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | skeleton | | | | | light *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | skeleton *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **rot away** | present | cartilage | | | | | away *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **is a** | present | shark fossils | teeth | | | | mostly *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Dolphins, porpoises and seals, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/17/) - next →: [Sharks, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/)