---
title: Some sharks, like great whites and makos, must keep swimming to push… — Sharks · tree and pragmatics
description: Some sharks, like great whites and makos, must keep swimming to push water over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest on the bottom. Who acts: sharks, nurse sharks. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/11/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/) / 11

# Sharks, sentence 11

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some sharks, like great whites and makos, must keep swimming to push water over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest on the bottom.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sharks, nurse sharks · **What happens:** keep, swim, push, rest · **To what, where:** water, gills, bottom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharks, nurse sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:11
# text = Some sharks, like great whites and makos, must keep swimming to push water over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest on the bottom.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 028-sharks.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	whites	white	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	makos	mako	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:xcomp
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	gills	gill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
23	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | must | some sharks like great whites and makos |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swim** | gerund | some sharks like great whites and makos *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **push** | to-infinitive | some sharks like great whites and makos *not said here* | water |  | makos's gills |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent water=Theme over gill=Trajectory |
| 4 | **rest** | can | nurse sharks |  |  | the bottom |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bottom=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sharks, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/10/)
- next →: [Sharks, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/12/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/)