---
title: Sharks have no swim bladder, so many sink if they stop swimming. — Sharks · tree and pragmatics
description: Sharks have no swim bladder, so many sink if they stop swimming. Who acts: Sharks, many, gills. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Sharks, sentence 12

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Sharks have no swim bladder, so many sink if they stop swimming.

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**Who acts:** Sharks, many, gills · **What happens:** have, sink, stop, swim · **To what, where:** swim bladder

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharks, many, gills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:12
# text = Sharks have no swim bladder, so many sink if they stop swimming.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 028-sharks.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
4	swim	swim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bladder	bladder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	sink	sink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sharks | no swim bladder |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bladder=Patient |
| 2 | **sink** | present | many |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | gills *= gill* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **swim** | gerund | gills *= gill* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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