--- title: Shark skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal dentic… — Sharks · tree and pragmatics description: Shark skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal denticles that help water flow smoothly, and some swimsuits copy them. Who acts: tiny like scales, swimsuits. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/) / 14 # Sharks, sentence 14 Shark skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal denticles that help water flow smoothly, and some swimsuits copy them. **Who acts:** tiny like scales, swimsuits · **What happens:** cover, call, help, copy · **To what, where:** Shark skin, dermal denticles, water flow, denticles · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiny like scales, swimsuits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:14 # text = Shark skin is covered in tiny tooth-like scales called dermal denticles that help water flow smoothly, and some swimsuits copy them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 028-sharks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Shark shark NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 6 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 7 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 9 like like ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 11 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 acl _ _ 12 dermal dermal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 denticles denticle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:obj 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 15 help help VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:acl:relcl 16 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 flow flow NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:obj 18 smoothly smoothly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:advmod 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 22 det _ _ 22 swimsuits swimsuit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 copy copy VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | Shark skin | | | | in tiny like scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme | | 2 | **call** | participle | tiny like scales *not said here* | dermal denticles | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **help** | present | tiny like scales | water flow | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **copy** | present | some swimsuits | denticles *= denticle* | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/13/) - next →: [Sharks, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/)