---
title: Some sharks and rays lay eggs in leathery cases called mermaid's pur… — Sharks · tree and pragmatics
description: Some sharks and rays lay eggs in leathery cases called mermaid's purses, while other sharks give birth to live pups. Who acts: sharks, leathery cases, other sharks. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/17/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/) / 17

# Sharks, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some sharks and rays lay eggs in leathery cases called mermaid's purses, while other sharks give birth to live pups.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sharks, leathery cases, other sharks · **What happens:** lay, call, give · **To what, where:** eggs, leathery cases, purses, birth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharks, leathery cases, other sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:17
# text = Some sharks and rays lay eggs in leathery cases called mermaid's purses, while other sharks give birth to live pups.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 028-sharks.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	leathery	leathery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	mermaid	mermaid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	purses	purse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
19	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	live	live	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
22	pups	pup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:obj
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | some sharks and rays | eggs |  | leathery cases |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in case=Destination |
| 2 | **call** | participle | leathery cases *not said here* | mermaid's purses |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent purse=Recipient |
| 3 | **give** | present | other sharks | birth |  |  |  | live pups *obl* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent birth=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:028-sharks.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sharks, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/16/)
- next →: [Sharks, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/18/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/)