--- title: A trophic cascade is a change at the top of a food chain that ripple… — Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and br… · tree and pragmatics description: A trophic cascade is a change at the top of a food chain that ripples down: wolves eat elk, elk eat trees, and trees shade streams and feed beavers. Who acts: trophic cascade, food chain, wolves, elk. A sentence of the lesson «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of th --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Brit…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/) / 7 # Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back, sentence 7 A trophic cascade is a change at the top of a food chain that ripples down: wolves eat elk, elk eat trees, and trees shade streams and feed beavers. **Who acts:** trophic cascade, food chain, wolves, elk, trees · **What happens:** be, ripple down, eat, shade, feed · **To what, where:** change, top, elk, trees, streams, beavers This is a sentence of the lesson «Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Britain and bringing nature back» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trophic cascade, food chain, wolves, elk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back.lesson:7 # text = A trophic cascade is a change at the top of a food chain that ripples down: wolves eat elk, elk eat trees, and trees shade streams and feed beavers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 trophic trophic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 cascade cascade NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 change change NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 14 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 15 nsubj _ _ 15 ripples ripple VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 16 down down ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 18 wolves wolf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 20 elk elk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 elk elk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 24 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 shade shade VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj 29 streams stream NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 feed feed VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 32 beavers beaver NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a trophic cascade | a change | | the top of a food chain | | | tree rules | | 2 | **ripple down** | present | a food chain | | | | | down *property* | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **eat** | present | wolves | elk | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elk=Patient | | 4 | **eat** | present | elk | trees | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient | | 5 | **shade** | present | trees | streams | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stream=Beneficiary | | 6 | **feed** | present | trees *not said here* | | beavers | | | | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beaver=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Brit…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/6/) - next →: [Wolves in Yellowstone, beavers in Brit…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/283-wolves-in-yellowstone-beavers-in-britain-and-bringing-nature-back/)