--- title: Chocolate comes from cacao beans, the seeds of a tree from South and… — Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fr… · tree and pragmatics description: Chocolate comes from cacao beans, the seeds of a tree from South and Central America now grown mostly in West Africa; the beans are fermented, dried, roasted and ground, and the Aztecs drank chocolate as a bitter drink. Who acts: Chocolate, Aztecs. A sentence of the lesson «Plants we eat: roots, ste --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, f…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/) / 12 # Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, sentence 12 Chocolate comes from cacao beans, the seeds of a tree from South and Central America now grown mostly in West Africa; the beans are fermented, dried, roasted and ground, and the Aztecs drank chocolate as a bitter drink. **Who acts:** Chocolate, Aztecs · **What happens:** come, grow, ferment, dry, roast, grind · **To what, where:** cacao beans, tree, West Africa, beans, chocolate This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chocolate, Aztecs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds.lesson:12 # text = Chocolate comes from cacao beans, the seeds of a tree from South and Central America now grown mostly in West Africa; the beans are fermented, dried, roasted and ground, and the Aztecs drank chocolate as a bitter drink. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 cacao cacao NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 beans bean NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 Central Central PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:amod 16 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 now now ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 acl _ _ 19 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 beans bean NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux:pass _ _ 27 fermented ferment VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 dried dry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 roasted roast VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 ground grind VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=31:conj 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 Aztecs Aztec PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 drank drink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 39 chocolate chocolate NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 as as ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 42 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 drink drink NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | Chocolate | | | cacao beans | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bean=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **grow** | participle | | a tree from South and Central and America *not said here* | | West Africa | now | mostly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location | | 3 | **ferment** | present · passive | | the beans | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **dry** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **roast** | participle | | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 6 | **grind** | participle | | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **drink** | past | the Aztecs | chocolate | | | | as a bitter drink | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, f…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/11/) - next →: [Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, f…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/)