--- title: Crocodiles and alligators are reptiles with four short legs, a long… — Crocodiles and alligators · tree and pragmatics description: Crocodiles and alligators are reptiles with four short legs, a long tail and a body that has hardly changed since their ancestors lived alongside the dinosaurs over 200 million years ago, because it is a perfect shape for hiding in water and ambushing prey. Who acts: Crocodiles, body, ancestors, per --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Crocodiles and alligators](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/) / 0 # Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 0 Crocodiles and alligators are reptiles with four short legs, a long tail and a body that has hardly changed since their ancestors lived alongside the dinosaurs over 200 million years ago, because it is a perfect shape for hiding in water and ambushing prey. **Who acts:** Crocodiles, body, ancestors, perfect shape · **What happens:** be, change, live, hide, ambush · **To what, where:** reptiles, perfect shape, water, prey This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, body, ancestors, perfect shape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:0 # text = Crocodiles and alligators are reptiles with four short legs, a long tail and a body that has hardly changed since their ancestors lived alongside the dinosaurs over 200 million years ago, because it is a perfect shape for hiding in water and ambushing prey. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=1:cc 3 alligators alligator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 reptiles reptile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 8 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:appos 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=13:cc 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 17 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 18 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 hardly hardly ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:acl:relcl 21 since since SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 ancestors ancestor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 25 alongside alongside ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 dinosaurs dinosaur NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 over over ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 29 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 compound _ _ 30 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 31 nummod _ _ 31 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:obl 32 ago ago ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 34 because because SCONJ IN _ 39 mark _ _ 35 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 36 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 37 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 38 perfect perfect ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 advcl _ _ 40 for for SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=41:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 41 hiding hide VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=39:nmod 42 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=41:cc 45 ambushing ambush VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 41 conj _ _ 46 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Crocodiles and alligators | reptiles | | | | with four short legs and a long tail and a body | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | present · perfect | a body | | | | | hardly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **live** | past | Crocodiles's ancestors | | | | | alongside the dinosaurs; ago *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside dinosaur=Location | | 4 | **is a** | present | body | a perfect shape | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **hide** | gerund | a perfect shape *not said here* | | | water | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location | | 6 | **ambush** | gerund | a perfect shape *not said here* | prey | | | | | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3, R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/28-sharks/18/) - next →: [Crocodiles and alligators, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/)