--- title: Crocodiles are cold-blooded: they bask in the sun to warm up and gap… — Crocodiles and alligators · tree and pragmatics description: Crocodiles are cold-blooded: they bask in the sun to warm up and gape their mouths to let heat escape, and can go months without eating, because an animal that does not burn food to keep warm uses much less energy. Who acts: Crocodiles, heat, animal. A sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligato --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Crocodiles and alligators](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/) / 11 # Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 11 Crocodiles are cold-blooded: they bask in the sun to warm up and gape their mouths to let heat escape, and can go months without eating, because an animal that does not burn food to keep warm uses much less energy. **Who acts:** Crocodiles, heat, animal · **What happens:** be, bask, warm up, gape, let, escape · **To what, where:** Crocodiles, sun, mouths, food, less energy This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, heat, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:11 # text = Crocodiles are cold-blooded: they bask in the sun to warm up and gape their mouths to let heat escape, and can go months without eating, because an animal that does not burn food to keep warm uses much less energy. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Crocodiles crocodile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:aux:pass 3 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 compound _ _ 4 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 3 punct _ _ 5 blooded blooded ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ _ 8 bask bask VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 warm warm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 advcl _ _ 14 up up ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 gape gape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 mouths mouth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ _ 21 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 escape escape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 conj _ _ 27 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl:unmarked _ _ 28 without without SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 29 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 advcl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 because because SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 32 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 37 nsubj _ _ 35 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 burn burn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 acl:relcl _ _ 38 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 advcl _ _ 41 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 xcomp _ _ 42 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 advcl _ _ 43 much much ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 44 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 45 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=45:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBR:Degree=Cmp 45 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present · passive | | Crocodiles | | | | blooded *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **bask** | present | Crocodiles *= crocodile* | | | the sun | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **warm up** | to-infinitive | Crocodiles *= crocodile* *not said here* | | | | | | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **gape** | infinitive | Crocodiles *= crocodile* *not said here* | Crocodiles's mouths | | | | | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme | | 5 | **let** | to-infinitive | Crocodiles *= crocodile* *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **escape** | infinitive | heat | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **go** | can | Crocodiles *= crocodile* *not said here* | | | | month | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **eat** | gerund | Crocodiles *= crocodile* *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **not** **burn** | present · do-support | a animal | food | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 10 | **keep** | to-infinitive | a animal *not said here* | | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **use** | present | a animal | less energy | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crocodiles and alligators, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/10/) - next →: [Crocodiles and alligators, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/)